This post is a summary of content organized while studying with the book 'Fundamentals of Kubernetes 3/e'.
1. Summary
Configure and test a Kubernetes environment on macOS using MiniKube.
※ Minikube is a tool for easily running Kubernetes locally.
Minikube uses libmachine for VM provisioning and kubeadm to provision Kubernetes clusters.
2. Practice
Install Hypervisor
I installed VirtualBox .
Install miniKube
(1) Verify macOS Virtualization Support (VMX)
pc:~ user$ sysctl -a | grep -E --color 'machdep.cpu.features|VMX'
machdep.cpu.features: FPU VME DE PSE TSC MSR PAE MCE CX8 APIC SEP
MTRR PGE MCA CMOV PAT PSE36 CLFSH DS ACPI MMX FXSR SSE SSE2 SS HTT
TM PBE SSE3 PCLMULQDQ DTES64 MON DSCPL VMX SMX EST TM2 SSSE3 FMA CX16
TPR PDCM SSE4.1 SSE4.2 x2APIC MOVBE POPCNT AES PCID XSAVE OSXSAVE SEGLIM64
TSCTMR AVX1.0 RDRAND F16C
If you can see VMX (highlighted in color) in the output, the VT-x feature is enabled on your machine.
(2) brew install minikube
Install minikube using homebrew.
Interacting with Kubernetes
(1) minikube start --driver=virtualbox
Create a kubectl context called Minikube. This context includes settings to communicate with the Minikube cluster.
※ Kubectl is a command-line tool for controlling Kubernetes clusters.
pc:~ user$ minikube start --driver=virtualbox
? minikube v1.12.1 on Darwin 10.14.5
✨ Using the virtualbox driver based on user configuration
? Downloading VM boot image ...
> minikube-v1.12.0.iso.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [-------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
> minikube-v1.12.0.iso: 173.57 MiB / 173.57 MiB [] 100.00% 9.71 MiB p/s 18s
? Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
? Downloading Kubernetes v1.18.3 preload ...
> preloaded-images-k8s-v4-v1.18.3-docker-overlay2-amd64.tar.lz4: 526.27 MiB
? Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=4000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
? Installing Kubernetes v1.18.3 using Docker 19.03.12 runtime ...
? Verifying Kubernetes components...
? Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner
? Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"
(2) Check Status
minikube status
pc:~ user$ minikube status
minikube
type: Control Plane
host: Running
kubelet: Running
apiserver: Running
kubeconfig: Configured
(3) If you check Virtualbox, the minikube vm has been created.
(4) Let's check the node using kubectl.
pc:~ user$ kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
minikube Ready master 17m v1.18.3
(5) To check the NodePort of a service, you can do the following using the kubectl command:
kubectl get service $SERVICE --output='jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}"'
(6) To use the Kubernetes (k8s) dashboard, after running Minikube, run the following command in the shell to check the address.
pc:~ user$ minikube dashboard
? Enabling dashboard ...
? Verifying dashboard health ...
? Starting proxy ...
? Verifying proxy health ...
? Opening http://127.0.0.1:63216/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/
services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...
(7) You can create a simple deployment example.
pc:~ user$ kubectl run hello-minikube --image=k8s.gcr.io/echoserver:1.4 --port=8080
pod/hello-minikube created
pc:~ user$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
hello-minikube 1/1 Running 0 14s
pc:~ user$ kubectl delete pod hello-minikube
pod "hello-minikube" deleted
pc:~ user$ kubectl create deployment hello-minikube --image=k8s.gcr.io/echoserver:1.4
deployment.apps/hello-minikube created
pc:~ user$ kubectl expose deployment hello-minikube --type=NodePort
error: couldn't find port via --port flag or introspection
pc:~ user$ kubectl expose deployment hello-minikube --type=NodePort --port=8080
service/hello-minikube exposed
pc:~ user$ kubectl get services
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
hello-minikube NodePort 10.99.129.52 <none> 8080:32226/TCP 5m12s
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3d5h
pc:~ user$ minikube service hello-minikube
|-----------|----------------|-------------|-----------------------------|
| NAMESPACE | NAME | TARGET PORT | URL |
|-----------|----------------|-------------|-----------------------------|
| default | hello-minikube | 8080 | http://192.168.99.100:32226 |
|-----------|----------------|-------------|-----------------------------|
? Opening service default/hello-minikube in default browser...
(8) Addon Settings
$ minikube addons list
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|
| ADDON NAME | PROFILE | STATUS |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|
| ambassador | minikube | disabled |
| dashboard | minikube | enabled ✅ |
| default-storageclass | minikube | enabled ✅ |
| efk | minikube | disabled |
| freshpod | minikube | disabled |
| gvisor | minikube | disabled |
| helm-tiller | minikube | disabled |
| ingress | minikube | disabled |
| ingress-dns | minikube | disabled |
| istio | minikube | disabled |
| istio-provisioner | minikube | disabled |
| kubevirt | minikube | disabled |
| logviewer | minikube | disabled |
| metallb | minikube | disabled |
| metrics-server | minikube | disabled |
| nvidia-driver-installer | minikube | disabled |
| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin | minikube | disabled |
| olm | minikube | disabled |
| pod-security-policy | minikube | disabled |
| registry | minikube | disabled |
| registry-aliases | minikube | disabled |
| registry-creds | minikube | disabled |
| storage-provisioner | minikube | enabled ✅ |
| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|
$ minikube addons enable metrics-server
? The 'metrics-server' addon is enabled
$ kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-66bff467f8-6pwgf 1/1 Running 1 3d5h
pod/etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 1 3d5h
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 1 3d5h
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 1 3d5h
pod/kube-proxy-msnjp 1/1 Running 1 3d5h
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 1 3d5h
pod/metrics-server-7bc6d75975-nc2l5 1/1 Running 0 27s
pod/storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 2 3d5h
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 3d5h
service/metrics-server ClusterIP 10.98.180.253 <none> 443/TCP 27s
## References
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